ChemistryGrade 10Solutions and Concentration

Titration Bench: Acid, Base, and pH

Run a strong acid and strong base titration, add base drop by drop, watch pH and indicator color change, and estimate the equivalence point.

SimulationsLab index
Textbook unitWays of expressing concentrations of solutionsGrade 10 Chemistry Unit 2 reference
Keywordssolution, concentration, acid, base, pHMapped to available textbook headings
Practice modeManipulate, measure, explainUse the controls, then read the live evidence

Chemistry ยท Grade 10

Titration Bench: Acid, Base, and pH

Add base drop by drop, track pH and indicator color, and prove the equivalence point from mole balance and the titration curve.

StatusAcid excess
1

Calculate the theoretical equivalence volume from acid moles and base concentration.

2

Add base slowly near the endpoint and record pH, indicator color, and mole difference.

3

Go past equivalence and explain why pH changes sharply near neutralization.

0.10 mol/L NaOH

25 mL HCl sample

0
14
Mole difference0.10 mmolAcid excess
Endpoint error1.00 mLtarget 25.0 mL
IndicatorAcidicpH 2.69
pH curve2.69
Titration insight

Acid excess: 0.10 mmol acid remains. Add base slowly near 25.0 mL because a tiny volume change can jump the pH.

pH2.69
IndicatorAcidic
Base added24.0 mL
Equivalence volume25.0 mL
Mole difference0.10 mmol

Lab task

Add base carefully until the sample is within 0.25 mL of the equivalence point. Record pH and compare acid moles to base moles.

Observation rule

At equivalence, acid moles and base moles are equal. Near that point, a tiny added volume causes a large pH change.

Mission

What to prove in this lab

  1. Use concentration and volume to compare acid and base moles.
  2. Identify the equivalence point from pH, indicator color, and mole balance.
  3. Explain why pH changes slowly at first and sharply near neutralization.